Lightning Protection Scheme Induced Current for Large-Scale Solar Photovoltaic Systems

The reliability and safety of large-scale solar photovoltaic (LSSPV) systems are crucial for effectively harnessing renewable energy. With the increasing adoption of solar energy in lightning-prone regions of Malaysia, understanding and enhancing protection mechanisms is essential. This study examined an induced current protection system for LSSPV using an early streamer emission (ESE) air terminal in Malaysia. Two systems, ESE and Franklin lightning rod types, were deployed in a 50 MWp PV power plant covering 260 acres, installed on the lightning arrester to ensure adequate protection. The Franklin rod system included 763 pieces and was constructed according to the Council of Engineer standards (Thailand). The ESE rod system comprised 68 pieces and was built following the NFC17102 standard (France). A 150 kA direct lightning impact on the PV power plant was then simulated using MATLAB/Simulink. The ESE lightning protection system (LPS) effectively protected and prevented damage from the lightning strike. Additionally, the Franklin rod system had more significant shading effects and higher installation costs (USD 10,026,800 vs. USD 8,026,800) compared to the ESE rod system. These results demonstrated the suitability of the ESE LPS for PV power plant implementation. The findings of this study could also help optimize lightning protection technology for large-scale PV power plants.