Phytochemical Composition, Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities of some Dysphania ambrosioides Extracts

The current study's objective was to examine the phytochemical makeup and antioxidant capacity of D. ambrosioides aerial parts that were gathered from the Albaha region, KSA. Forty-four compounds from various chemical classes were found in the lipoidal contents of the aerial parts of D. ambrosioides, according to the results of GC/MS analysis. After looking into the lipid components using GC/MS analysis, the fatty acid mixture, which is made up of 32 fatty acids, was isolated and identified. The main component is palmitic acid methyl ester (C16:0), which accounts for 24.68% of the mixture. The main component, unsaturated fatty acids, linoleic acid methyl ester (C18:2), makes up 14.48% of the composition overall. Sterols and a variety of hydrocabons are present in the unsaponifiable fraction.It was done to quantify phenolic compounds, to offer the scientific foundation for its biological action. HPLC was used to identify and quantify ten phenolic components and five flavonoidal compounds. The DPPH assay was used to screen for antioxidant activity. Strong antioxidant activity was demonstrated by the methanolic and ethyl acetate extracts of the aerial portions of D. ambrosioides. The modified Kirby-Bauer disc-diffusion method was utilized to assess the antimicrobial activity effectively. The extracts' levels of inhibition against the eight tested strains varied. The pet. ether extract demonstrated increased activity against Gram-positive bacteria, such as Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, and Streptococcus faecalis, with a larger inhibition zone diameter of 14 mm. Against Gram-negative bacteria, such as Escherichia coli, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, and P. aeruginosa, the inhibition zone diameter ranged clearly from 13 to 14 mm. The plant may have potential antibacterial and antioxidant properties.