Evaluation of commercial and taste qualities of plum fruits in the foothills of Kabardino-Balkaria

Breeding varieties with high commercial and consumer qualities of fruits is one of the priority areas in the selection and variety study of domestic plum. Accordingly, the evaluation of some commercial and consumer qualities of fruits in plum varieties in the specific conditions of the mountains and foothills of the region is of great practical and scientific interest. Taking into account market requirements and the growth of consumer demand for fruit products, it is necessary to constantly update the range of plums. In this regard, varieties and hybrid forms of European plum for the subsequent selection of variety samples with high commercial characteristics have been studied (fruit weight, their uniformity and shape, cover color, aroma, pulp juiciness, taste, etc.). As a result of the studies, variety samples with the best commercial and taste properties of fruits have been selected. The following varieties have been distinguished by a high sugar content: Čačakska rannyaya - 18.8%, Grosso de Felicio - 16.5%, Big Heart - 14.7%, Milena - 13.8%, Velikiy Gertsog - 12.7%. The following varieties have been noted for the content of organic acids: Big Heart - 1.31%, Velikiy Gertsog - 1.1%, Milena - 0.92%, Čačakska rannyaya - 0.9%, Grossa de Felicio - 0.89%. Vitamin C is found in the highest amounts in the fruits of the following varieties: Big Heart – 7.85%, Grossa de Felicio – 6.34%, Angelina – 6.2%, Kyrgyzskaya Prevoskhodnaya – 5.34%. The size of the fruit is one of the characteristic varietal properties, despite the fact that it is largely determined by the cultivation conditions, the agricultural technology used, the age of the plant, its crop load, the variety-rootstock combination, as well as a number of other circumstances. The highest fruit weights are shown by the following varieties: Big Heart - 39.1 g, Kyrgyzskaya Prevoskhodnaya - 46.3 g, Zheltaya Afaska - 53.3 g, Zheltaya Large - 56.0 g, Kabardinskaya Rannyaya - 59.0 g, Fortuna - 65.1 g, Black Star - 78.7 g, Byron Gold - 84.2 g, Grossa de Felicio - 85.3 g, Angelina - 87.0 g, Ti Chi San - 97.1 g, Burbank Giant - 120.0 g.