Extensive Physiotherapy Rehabilitation for Pulmonary Tuberculosis and Tuberculous Meningitis With Ventriculoperitoneal Shunting: A Case Report

Tuberculous meningitis (TBM), an advanced form of extrapulmonary tuberculosis (TB), is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection of the meninges surrounding the brain and spinal cord. If it is not promptly and effectively treated, it can result in serious inflammatory reactions and neurological problems. TBM frequently leads to joint stiffness, discomfort, respiratory difficulties, swallowing difficulties, neurological deficits, and muscular weakness. Physiotherapy intervention is essential in treating these issues, as it provides individualized treatment strategies and programs that enhance muscle strength, motor coordination, and overall mobility. Acute TB is a disease that spreads through the bloodstream due to the presence of TB bacteria. The mild, nonspecific clinical presentation, which typically mimics the central organ involved, makes diagnosis challenging. This case study explains how to enhance function, quality of life, and functional capacity. It examines a 43-year-old man who reports respiratory issues, swallowing difficulties, and generalized weakness. MRI results indicate a defect in the right parietal region, along with slight soft tissue swelling above it. A four-week physical therapy rehabilitation program was created based on the patient's limitations identified during the initial intensive care unit (ICU) phase. The primary objectives of physiotherapy were to promote postural balance, preserve joint integrity, initiate early bed mobility, enhance sensation by improving respiratory patterns and secretion mobilization, and assist the patient with transfers and activities of daily living (ADLs).