An unusual case of hemoptysis: pulmonary hemorrhage in leptospirosis

Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease with a wide clinical spectrum, including severe cases of leptospiral pulmonary hemorrhage syndrome (LPHS). A 45-year-old male presented with fever, myalgia, headache, and hemoptysis. Physical examination revealed pallor, tachycardia, and bilateral crepitations. Laboratory findings indicated anemia, leukocytosis, thrombocytopenia, renal impairment, and hepatic dysfunction. Chest X-ray and HRCT confirmed diffuse alveolar hemorrhage. Serological testing confirmed leptospirosis. The patient was treated with intravenous ceftriaxone, mechanical ventilation, and methylprednisolone. Gradual clinical improvement was noted with resolution of symptoms. To conclude, early recognition and multidisciplinary management of LPHS are crucial. Awareness of leptospirosis in endemic regions can improve outcomes through timely intervention.