The Influence of Insulin Resistance on the Levels of Neuron Specific Enolase in the Pathogenesis of Obesity-Related Complications

Obesity is a complicated and heterogeneous condition characterized by excessive adipose tissue buildup, which is closely linked to the development of insulin resistance which in turn leads to metabolic and cardiovascular issues like diabetes, dyslipidemia, and inflammation, contributing to the pathophysiology of obesity-related conditions. The purpose of this study was to estimate the levels of Neuron-Specific-Enolase (NSE), Glutathione S Transferase (GST), and HOMOIR in obese individuals with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)   as biomarkers for the development of related pathophysiological conditions associated with obesity. The study included a group of 46 non-obese as a control (from both sexes) and 92 obese participants as patients. The patients were categorized into two groups: 42 with T2DM (from both sexes) and 50 without T2DM (from both sexes). Anthropometric parameters including body mass index (BMI), and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) were assessed. The enzyme linked immunesorbent assay (ELISA) method was used to measure NSE, GST levels, and insulin levels. Furthermore, the lipid profile and FBG levels were manually assessed. Overall, obese patients with and without T2DM had significantly higher BMI, HOMA IR, and NSE levels, as well as a significant decline in GST levels compared to the healthy controls. Regarding gender, there was a significant increase in NSE levels in obese patients without T2DM (both sexes) in contracts to obese with T2DM patients (both sexes). however, there was no significant difference in BMI and GST levels The findings suggest that non-diabetic obese individuals exhibit elevated levels of NSE, a marker exclusive to nerve cells. in addition, increased BMI, HOMOIR, and dyslipidemia all contribute to the development of obesity and type 2 diabetes, along with their associated complications.