A clinical case of gastrointestinal stromal tumor of the duodenum

Background. Gastrointestinal stromal tumors localized in the duodenum are very rare and account for only 4–5%. They can be asymptomatic, while reaching large sizes and causing dangerous complications. Gastrointestinal stromal tumors of the duodenum are a special problem for diagnosis and treatment. Therefore, it is relevant to highlight the issue of their detection and treatment on the example of the presented clinical case. Purpose – present a description of the literature and present a rare clinical case of gastrointestinal stromal tumor of the duodenum. Material and methods. The patient, a 49-year-old woman, was diagnosed with a tumor of the abdominal cavity during a routine preventive ultrasound examination. The patient underwent a laboratory and instrumental examination, which included determination of blood and urine parameters, video esophagogastroduodenoscopy, contrast x-ray examination of the gastrointestinal tract, contrast-enhanced computer tomography and contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging of the abdominal cavity. Results. The patient underwent surgical resection of the tumor of the duodenum. During the immunohistochemical study, the tumor cells were positive for markers DOG-1, CD117. As a result, «Gastrointestinal stromal tumor of the wall of the duodenum of a low degree of malignancy pT2N0M0R0» was diagnosed. During the six-month follow-up of the patient, no data on tumor recurrence were found. The relatively rare frequency of gastrointestinal tumors of the duodenum leads to difficulties at the diagnostic stage. In this clinical case, the tumor was asymptomatic, was not visualized during video esophagogastroduodenoscopy and was suspected during ultrasound examination. This indicates the importance of preventive examinations. Oncological awareness of doctors is extremely important for early diagnosis of oncology. Conclusion. Based on the analysis of the literature, the data on the epidemiology, clinical picture, methods of diagnosis and treatment of this rare pathology are displayed.