A Research on the Fairness-based Allocation Method of Essential Resources with Limited Supply under Emergency

This study addresses methods for efficiently and equitably distributing limited essential resources in crisis situations such as pandemics and climate change. In these scenarios, it is crucial to consider public welfare alongside efficiency when distributing scarce resources like medical supplies or food. This study introduces a fairness measure based on the Gini coefficient, grounded in utility, and employs a bi-objective optimization model to balance efficiency and fairness. The proposed distribution method is validated through a simulation model. The effects of various policy scenarios are compared and analyzed. Through the simulation experiments, the study demonstrated that distribution policies considering the elderly population ratio and equity are effective in achieving both efficiency and fairness in resource allocation. These findings provide practical approaches for policymakers, helping them make better decisions during emergencies with limited supply.