A novel autonomous exploration algorithm via LiDAR/IMU SLAM and hierarchical subsystem for mobile robot in unknown indoor environments

Abstract Autonomous exploration in unknown environments is an essential capability for mobile robots. The complexity of autonomous exploration, however, means that existing algorithms struggle to balance efficiency and comprehensiveness, causing low mapping accuracy and redundant path planning. To perform accurate and efficient exploration tasks, we have proposed a novel autonomous exploration algorithm via LiDAR/IMU (Inertial Measurement Unit) Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) and hierarchical subsystem for mobile robot in unknown environments. Firstly, to enhance mapping accuracy for mobile robot exploration, LiDAR/IMU SLAM is improved with the assistance of backward propagation and iterated Kalman filter, and Bidirectional Rapidly–Exploring Random Trees* (BI–RRT*) is applied for efficient frontier point detection. Secondly, we optimize local path planning by leveraging information theory through perceptual quality evaluation, which is then integrated with global path planning utilizing an enhanced Travelling Salesman Problem solver and a sparse grid map to amplify exploration efficiency. Thirdly, an enhanced hierarchical autonomous exploration method for mobile robots is proposed, which incorporates local path planning for seamless navigation around highly promising exploration spots, coupled with global path planning to effectively interconnect various sub–regions. Finally, simulations and field tests have demonstrated that the proposed method explores an unknown indoor environment with a 30.8% reduction in exploration time and a 29.9% reduction in exploration path in comparison with Dynamic Stage Viewpoint Planner. The map constructed in this paper has more accurate details and exploration paths have been shortened to ensure effective exploration.