METHODOLOGICAL APPROACHES TO INTEGRATED AND PROBLEM-BASED TEACHING THE TOPIC “PHOTOSYNTHESIS”

This work is devoted to the study of an integrated methodology for teaching the topic of “Photosynthesis”. The topic itself is interdisciplinary. To address it comprehensively, we draw from various natural sciences as well as economic knowledge. Effective teaching requires multifaceted preparation of both the teacher and students, along with the selection of appropriate methods and approaches. The primary teaching principle in the context of methodology explores solutions to challenging issues through diverse approaches. The teacher’s goal is not merely to reproduce existing knowledge mechanically but to stimulate critical thinking and active engagement among students. The final outcomes for students encompass a multifaceted analysis of the phenomenon, justification of cause-and-effect relationships, understanding structural and functional dependencies, creation of diagrams and illustrations, comparative analysis, drawing conclusions, problem-solving, integration within the subject, interdisciplinary connections, and the organization of knowledge. Emphasis is also placed on developing the ability to formulate unclear questions, integrate existing knowledge, and construct new understanding through various combinations. Simultaneously, this approach fosters the creation of a collaborative environment, cultivates the capacity for self-directed learning, enables students to teach others, and facilitates the articulation and justification of their own opinions. This teaching method is aimed at developing students’ active thinking and logic, which are among the main requirements of modern pedagogy.