Apply Honey Barger Algorithm to double integral sliding mode observer for stable load frequency in multi-area power system

A randomness of load demand and plant uncertainties causes frequency deviation in linked power plants. Based on the double-integral sliding mode observer (DISMO) integrated Honey Badger algorithm (HBA), a novel LFC for a multi-area power plant (MAPP) is introduced in this article. The main aim is to minimize frequency offset, finite time, and aggregate instability of controllable loads subject to the balance of the power on the MAPP. Firstly, the suggested observer is developed to ensure an exact estimation of the actual signal for the controller input signal. Secondly, a double-integral sliding surface (DISS) is introduced based on estimated signals the designed observer gains. Then, a new SMC rule is designed to ensure finite time reachability and eliminate the chattering and oscillating troubles. Thirdly, in this regard, the proposed sliding surface is designed with four selected parameters. Regarding this, to maximize the ability of the suggested SMCer, the optimized controller parameters are determined by HBA. The robustness of the suggested scheme is examined by various case studies on the LFC models in a single-area power plant (SAPP) and MAPP under different load disturbances and parameter uncertainties.