Anemia dan Preeklampsia dalam Kehamilan: Literature Review

ABSTRACT Anemia is a condition where the hemoglobin level is less than normal. The incidence of anemia in Indonesia is quite high, namely 48.9%. Apart from anemia, the highest pregnancy complication and cause of maternal death in Indonesia is preeclampsia. The cause of preeclampsia is still unknown, but several studies show that risk factors for preeclampsia include maternal age, Body Mass Index (BMI), gestational age, multiple pregnancies, parity, history of preeclampsia, history of hypertension, as well as history of ANC and anemia. to find out more about anemia and preeclampsia which are still the risk factors that have the greatest potential to cause complications and even death in mothers and newborns. Using a literature review study design. Search for articles sourced from the electronic databases Google Scholar and Pubmed with a publication limit of the last ten years. Without enough iron, the body cannot produce hemoglobin to form red blood cells, thus triggering anemia. This causes an increase in the synthesis of corticotrophine-releasing hormone (CRH) due to tissue hypoxia, which then causes uteroplacental insufficiency which results in disruption of the blood supply to the fetus. This is in accordance with the theory of placental ischemia in the pathophysiology of preeclampsia. Anemia and preeclampsia are interrelated so further research is needed to study both. It is hoped that this literature review article can be used as material for further research in studying the relationship between anemia and preeclampsia in pregnancy. Keywords: Anemia, Preeclampsia, Pregnancy ABSTRAK Anemia merupakan kondisi kadar hemoglobin kurang dari batas normal. Angka kejadian anemia di Indonesia tergolong cukup tinggi, yaitu sebanyak 48,9%. Selain anemia, komplikasi selama kehamilan serta penyebab kematian ibu tertinggi di Indonesia adalah preeklampsia. Penyebab preeklampsia masih belum diketahui secara pasti, namun beberapa penelitian menunjukkan bahwa faktor risiko preeklampsia meliputi, usia ibu, Indeks Massa Tubuh (IMT), usia kehamilan, kehamilan ganda, paritas, riwayat preeklampsi, riwayat hipertensi, dan riwayat ANC serta Anemia. Untuk mempelajari lebih lanjut mengenai anemia dan preeklampsia, dimana keduanya masih menjadi faktor risiko yang paling berpotensi menyebabkan komplikasi hingga kematian pada maternal dan neonatal. Menggunakan desain studi literature review. Pencarian artikel bersumber dari database elektronik Google Scholar dan Pubmed dengan batasan publikasi sepuluh tahun terakhir. Tanpa zat besi dalam jumlah yang cukup, tubuh tidak dapat memproduksi hemoglobin untuk membentuk sel darah merah, sehingga memicu terjadinya anemia. Hal ini menyebabkan peningkatan sintesis corticotrophine releasing hormone (CRH) akibat dari adanya hipoksia jaringan, kemudian akan menyebabkan insufisiensi uteroplasenta yang mengakibatkan gangguan suplai darah ke janin. Hal ini sesuai dengan teori iskemia plasenta pada patofisiologi terjadinya preeklampsia. Anemia dan preeklampsia memiliki keterkaitan sehingga perlu dilakukan penelitian lebih lanjut yang mempelajari keduanya. Diharapkan artikel ini dapat dijadikan bahan untuk penelitian selanjutnya dalam mempelajari hubungan antara anemia dan preeklampsia selama kehamilan. Kata Kunci: Anemia, Preeklampsia, Kehamilan

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Journal
Malahayati Nursing Journal
Published
2024-09-30
DOI
https://doi.org/10.33024/mnj.v6i10.13871
Primary Topic
Child Nutrition and Water Access
Type
article
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article

Anemia dan Preeklampsia dalam Kehamilan: Literature Review

Muhammad Ilham Aldika Akbar, Endyka Erye Frety, Monica Octa Alfiana
Malahayati Nursing Journal
Child Nutrition and Water Access
article

Anemia dan Preeklampsia dalam Kehamilan: Literature Review

Muhammad Ilham Aldika Akbar, Endyka Erye Frety, Monica Octa Alfiana
article en

Abstract

ABSTRACT Anemia is a condition where the hemoglobin level is less than normal. The incidence of anemia in Indonesia is quite high, namely 48.9%. Apart from anemia, the highest pregnancy complication and cause of maternal death in Indonesia is preeclampsia. The cause of preeclampsia is still unknown, but several studies show that risk factors for preeclampsia include maternal age, Body Mass Index (BMI), gestational age, multiple pregnancies, parity, history of preeclampsia, history of hypertension, as well as history of ANC and anemia. to find out more about anemia and preeclampsia which are still the risk factors that have the greatest potential to cause complications and even death in mothers and newborns. Using a literature review study design. Search for articles sourced from the electronic databases Google Scholar and Pubmed with a publication limit of the last ten years. Without enough iron, the body cannot produce hemoglobin to form red blood cells, thus triggering anemia. This causes an increase in the synthesis of corticotrophine-releasing hormone (CRH) due to tissue hypoxia, which then causes uteroplacental insufficiency which results in disruption of the blood supply to the fetus. This is in accordance with the theory of placental ischemia in the pathophysiology of preeclampsia. Anemia and preeclampsia are interrelated so further research is needed to study both. It is hoped that this literature review article can be used as material for further research in studying the relationship between anemia and preeclampsia in pregnancy. Keywords: Anemia, Preeclampsia, Pregnancy ABSTRAK Anemia merupakan kondisi kadar hemoglobin kurang dari batas normal. Angka kejadian anemia di Indonesia tergolong cukup tinggi, yaitu sebanyak 48,9%. Selain anemia, komplikasi selama kehamilan serta penyebab kematian ibu tertinggi di Indonesia adalah preeklampsia. Penyebab preeklampsia masih belum diketahui secara pasti, namun beberapa penelitian menunjukkan bahwa faktor risiko preeklampsia meliputi, usia ibu, Indeks Massa Tubuh (IMT), usia kehamilan, kehamilan ganda, paritas, riwayat preeklampsi, riwayat hipertensi, dan riwayat ANC serta Anemia. Untuk mempelajari lebih lanjut mengenai anemia dan preeklampsia, dimana keduanya masih menjadi faktor risiko yang paling berpotensi menyebabkan komplikasi hingga kematian pada maternal dan neonatal. Menggunakan desain studi literature review. Pencarian artikel bersumber dari database elektronik Google Scholar dan Pubmed dengan batasan publikasi sepuluh tahun terakhir. Tanpa zat besi dalam jumlah yang cukup, tubuh tidak dapat memproduksi hemoglobin untuk membentuk sel darah merah, sehingga memicu terjadinya anemia. Hal ini menyebabkan peningkatan sintesis corticotrophine releasing hormone (CRH) akibat dari adanya hipoksia jaringan, kemudian akan menyebabkan insufisiensi uteroplasenta yang mengakibatkan gangguan suplai darah ke janin. Hal ini sesuai dengan teori iskemia plasenta pada patofisiologi terjadinya preeklampsia. Anemia dan preeklampsia memiliki keterkaitan sehingga perlu dilakukan penelitian lebih lanjut yang mempelajari keduanya. Diharapkan artikel ini dapat dijadikan bahan untuk penelitian selanjutnya dalam mempelajari hubungan antara anemia dan preeklampsia selama kehamilan. Kata Kunci: Anemia, Preeklampsia, Kehamilan

Malahayati Nursing JournalVol. 6(10)
Universitas Airlangga (ID)
Openalex Percentile: Top 80%
Child Nutrition and Water Access
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