Comparative Assessment between Glowing Family Elements of Metal and Graphene Quantum Dots Based on their Properties: A Theoretical and Experimental Study

The quantum dots (QDs) have wide range of applications in the field of biology and energy due to exceptionally photo-physical properties and highly active larger surface area. Both metal quantum dots (MQDs) and graphene quantum dots (GQDs) have created a new platform for quantum chemistry not only theoretical point of view but also open various real applications. The photo-physical properties arise due to tunable band gap and active functional groups adhere to the surface. Both MQDs and GQDs have very good properties such as solubility in wide range of solvent, good stability in photo-physical and chemical environment, less poisoning in animal body, small size and tunable photoluminescence is favourable for cell dynamics and imaging, up-conversion and down conversion photoluminescence nature, good electrochemical activity. The functionalization of QDs with micro and macromolecules in all direction are possible as results we find different shape of QDs due to very small size of QDs just like few atoms. Some theoretical studies have been observed to evaluate the origin of these properties. This review focused on the comparative studies including advantage and disadvantage between GQDs and MQDs based on their properties and also give significant imminent to motivate more encouraging development. Moreover, this review study offers significant insights for enhancing the characteristics of quantum dots.