Sedimentary exhalative Pb-Zn deposit model of the Ban Lin – Phia Dam ore range, Vietnam

Purpose. The aim of this study is to construct a typical ore model for Pb-Zn ore range in Ban Lin – Phia Dam and to compare it with the existing ones. The model is constructed based on three main elements of the mineral generation process, such as formation environment, generated-ore fluid source, and deposited-ore mechanism. The obtained results are aimed at determining and predicting the resource of sedimentary exhalative (SEDEX) Pb-Zn ore deposit in Vietnam. Methods. To comprehend the characteristics of the SEDEX Pb-Zn ore deposits in the Ban Lin – Phia Dam area, we employ a combination of approaches that include mineralography to determine the composition and tectonic structure of rocks and ore, inclusion analysis to determine the temperature and inclusion composition, Pb isotopic analysis and stable S isotopic analysis to explore the environment and sources of ore-forming materials. Findings. The sedimentary exhalative (SEDEX) Pb-Zn ore deposit arises from the dissolution of metal-rich salt deposits due to heating at shallow depths (several kilometers). Subsequently, this fluid migrates through faults and fractures to preferred locations where galena and sphalerite precipitate alongside sedimentary basin deposition. Originality. SEDEX ore deposits have been extensively studied in various regions of the world. Although there are multiple theories regarding their origin, including explosion, biological debris accumulation, and surface replacement, each model has its own distinct advantages and limitations in explaining the genesis and development of SEDEX ore deposits. Practical implications. The acquired findings are intended to identify and predict the resources of sedimentary exhalative Pb-Zn ore deposits in Vietnam.