Blended learning in higher education: the integrated and distributed model and a thematic analysis

Blended learning sets solid foundations for the utilization of educational technology in authentic student learning experiences within traditional educational contexts as well as in distance education. The author introduces an integrated and distributed model of blended learning, utilizing educational technology for authentic student learning experiences in traditional face-to-face educational settings and/or online learning. The discussion of the integrated and distributed model of blended learning is supported by keyword analysis in WOSviewer highlighting research themes and trends, which are also presented according to their chronology. The article presents a citation analysis according to articles and by countries of origin of the first author. The search for the topic “blended learning in higher education” resulted in 3936 hits in the WOS core collection within the period from 2001 to 2024. Thematic evolution using WOSviewer analysis identified three clusters showing technology development trends. The oldest is the second cluster (green) thematises e-learning integrating “learning design features” such as methods: (collaborative learning, problem-based learning), learning outcomes, learning performance, teaching/learning strategies, and interactive learning environments, virtual learning environments, learning management systems. The first cluster (red) in between, thematises blended learning and flipped learning integrating artificial intelligence-based design. The third cluster (blue) is the most recent and thematises the online learning, hybrid learning and Covid-19 shifting higher education with integrated and distributed blends. The author concludes the discussion with an analysis of the 40 highest-cited articles from a World of Science (WOS) core collection database examining integrated and distributed blended learning in higher education and addressing areas of effectiveness of blended learning.