Synthesis and Characterization of 3,4-Bis[3(2-azidoethoxy)furazan-4-yl]furoxan (DAeTF): A Novel Low-Melting Insensitive Energetic Material

The synthesis and characterization of low-melting-point insensitive energetic materials are crucial due to their increasing applications in melt-cast explosives. In this work, a furazan-derived energetic compound, 3,4-bis[3(2-azidoethoxy)furazan-4-yl]furoxan (DAeTF), exhibiting insensitive and high-energy characteristics, is rationally designed and synthesized. The structure of DAeTF is characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, elemental analysis, mass spectrometry, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The thermal properties of DAeTF are investigated using differential scanning calorimetry, in situ FTIR spectroscopy and thermogravimetric-differential scanning calorimetry-Fourier transform infrared-mass spectrometry and thermal decomposition mechanism was elucidated in combination with bond energy calculations. The detonation performance of DAeTF is predicted by the EXPLO5 program. The results indicate that DAeTF has thermal stability (T_d = 251.7 °C), high energy level (D = 7270 m/s) and significant insensitivity (IS = 60 J). Additionally, its relatively low melting point (T_m = 60.5 °C) facilitates processing and loading. These characteristics indicate that DAeTF is a promising candidate as an insensitive melt-cast explosive in future applications.