The Long-Term Effect of Kidney Transplantation on the Serum Fatty Acid Profile

<b>Background:</b> Epidemiologic evidence has demonstrated the prevalence of metabolic disorders and increased cardiovascular risk related to lipid metabolism disorders in kidney transplant recipients. Therefore, it is of great importance to understand lipid alterations and to look for ways to reduce cardiovascular risk in this patient group. <b>Methods:</b> Our study included 25 patients with chronic kidney disease undergoing kidney transplantation (KTx). Three blood samples were taken from each patient: before KTx, 3 months after KTx and 6-12 months after KTx. A series of biochemical blood tests and a detailed analysis of the serum fatty acid profile were performed. <b>Results:</b> In our previous study, the effects of kidney transplantation on serum fatty acid (FA) profile 3 months after the procedure were investigated. The current study shows the longer-term (6-12 months) effects of the procedure on the serum FA profile. We found that although <i>n</i>-3 polyunsaturated FA levels started to decrease 3 months after surgery, they normalized over a longer period of time (6-12 months). Furthermore, we observed a strong decrease in ultra-long-chain FAs and an increase in odd-chain FAs over a longer time after kidney transplantation. All of the above FAs may have an important impact on human health, including inflammation, cardiovascular risk or cancer risk. <b>Conclusions:</b> The changes in serum FA profiles after kidney transplantation are a dynamic process and that more detailed studies could provide an accurate indication for supplementation with some FAs or diet modification.