EXPERIMENTAL ATHEROSCLEROSIS IN DIFFERENT ANIMAL MODELS

Atherosclerosis affects large and medium-sized blood vessels which are affected by the illness known as atherosclerosis, This causes endothelial dysfunction, vascular inflammation, and an accumulation of lipids, cholesterol, calcium, and cell waste in the intima of the arterial wall.Plaque development, acute and chronic luminal blockage, vascular remodeling, irregular flow of blood, reduced oxygen delivery to the favoured organs are all consequences of this buildup.Vasomotor activity, the blood vessel wall's propensity for thrombosis, the coagulation cascade's level of activation, Cellular inflammation, migration and proliferation of smooth muscle cells, and the fibrinolytic system are all intricately linked biological processes that lead to atherogenesis and the clinical symptoms of atherosclerosis.Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels that are too high in the blood overpower the protective antioxidant functions of the healthy endothelium causing this lipid moiety's and endothelium metabolism behave abnormally.Numerous toxic effects and dysfunctions of the cell and vessel walls caused by oxidized low-density lipoprotein are regularly and distinctly linked to the emergence of atherosclerosis.It is possible to research atherosclerosis in detail utilizing a variety of animal models.Various types of animals, including mice, rats, rabbits, squils, hamsters, and guinea pigs, are frequently used in screening procedures.There are several animal models, including transgenic models, hereditary hyperlipidemic models, hereditary hypercholestermic models, and hypolipidemic models.These models are employed to evaluate the effects of medications on atherosclerotic animals.