Primary Study on Influence of Conventional Hydrochemical Components on Suspension of Endogenous Fine Loess Particles in Groundwater over Loess Regions

To ascertain the effects of conventional hydrochemical components on the presence of endogenous fine loess particles (EFLPs) in groundwater over loess regions, Na+, NO3− and Cu2+, as conventional hydrochemical components, were employed in batch tests with EFLPs from a typical loess as aquifer media in Guanzhong Plain, China. The results showed that EFLPs had high zeta potential (ζ) and remained suspended over 40 h, indicating their good dispersity and potential to be suspended in groundwater. ζ was employed to replace electrostatic repulsion in the DLVO equation to determine the critical coagulation concentrations for Cu(NO3)2 and NaF as 0.1 mmol/L and 50 mmol/L for 1.1 µm D50 EFLPs, which were almost consistent with the batch test results and greater than those in the groundwater, respectively, further implying that EFLPs are likely to be suspended in groundwater. The multi-factor tests showed that the key factors including particle size, hydro-chemical component and concentration interacted with each other and their relative magnitudes varied in the test processes, where the effects of concentration strengthened while those of the component weakened. So, hydrogeochemical conditions were beneficial to the suspension of EFLPs and the benefit got strong along the groundwater flow path, which is conducive to the cotransport of EFLPs with pollutants in groundwater over loess regions.