Factors associated with uterine fibroids in women of reproductive age: A cross-sectional study

Background . Uterine fibr oi ds is a benign monoclonal tumor originating from the smooth muscle layer of the uterus. Non-modifiable risk factors for the development of uterine fibroids, such as age, ethnicity, age at menarche, etc, have been studied quite extensively, while the role of many controllable factors remains debatable. The aim of the study . T o id e nt i f y the main modifiable factors associated with uterine fibroids in women of reproductive age living in the Baikal region, including certain ethnic groups. Mat erials and methods . We c arried out a multicenter cross-sectional study in 2016–2019 in institutions of Irkutsk and Bokhan (Irkutsk region) and Ulan-Ude (Republic of Buryatia). The subjects of the study were women to have annual workplace medical examination. The study included 1,347 participants of reproductive age (34.33 ± 6.37 years) who met the inclusion criteria. Among all women included in the study, there were 867 (64.37 %) Caucasians, 361 (26.80 %) Asians, and 119 (8.83%) women of mixed (Caucasian-Asian), ethnicity. The research methods included a questionnaire, general clinical and gynecological examination, and pelvic ultrasound examination. Results . A cc or ding t o our study, the main non-mo difiable f ac tors asso ci ated with the presence of uterine fibroids were: Asian ethnicity; age at menarche 12–13 years; age of the study participant 40–44 years; menopausal symptoms; adenomyosis. The “controllable” factors included: city residency; body mass index over 40 kg/m2; history of abortions and miscarriages; metabolic syndrome; using combined oral contraceptives; lack of sexual activity; smoking; presence of anumber of occupational hazards. Conclusion. O ur study identified the main c ontrollable f ac tors associated with the presence of uterine fibroids in a multiethnic population of women of reproductive age.