Translation initiation or elongation inhibition triggers contrasting effects on <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i> survival during pathogen infection

Several microbial pathogens target host protein synthesis machinery, potentially limiting the innate immune responses of the host. In response, hosts trigger a defensive response, elevating immune gene transcripts. This counterintuitive response can have either beneficial or harmful effects on host survival. In this study, we conduct a comprehensive analysis of the impact of knocking down various translation initiation and elongation factors on the survival of <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i> exposed to <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>. Intriguingly, inhibiting initiation and elongation factors has contrasting effects on <i>C. elegans</i> survival. Inhibiting translation initiation activates immune responses that protect the host from bacterial infection, while inhibiting translation elongation induces aberrant immune responses that, although clear the infection, are detrimental to the host. Our study reveals divergent roles of translation initiation and elongation inhibition in <i>C. elegans</i> survival during <i>P. aeruginosa</i> infection and identifies differential transcriptional reprogramming that could underlie these differences.