Identification of Anomalies in Lung and Colon Cancer Using Computer Vision-Based Swin Transformer with Ensemble Model on Histopathological Images

Lung and colon cancer (LCC) is a dominant life-threatening disease that needs timely attention and precise diagnosis for efficient treatment. The conventional diagnostic techniques for LCC regularly encounter constraints in terms of efficiency and accuracy, thus causing challenges in primary recognition and treatment. Early diagnosis of the disease can immensely reduce the probability of death. In medical practice, the histopathological study of the tissue samples generally uses a classical model. Still, the automated devices that exploit artificial intelligence (AI) techniques produce efficient results in disease diagnosis. In histopathology, both machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) approaches can be deployed owing to their latent ability in analyzing and predicting physically accurate molecular phenotypes and microsatellite uncertainty. In this background, this study presents a novel technique called Lung and Colon Cancer using a Swin Transformer with an Ensemble Model on the Histopathological Images (LCCST-EMHI). The proposed LCCST-EMHI method focuses on designing a DL model for the diagnosis and classification of the LCC using histopathological images (HI). In order to achieve this, the LCCST-EMHI model utilizes the bilateral filtering (BF) technique to get rid of the noise. Further, the Swin Transformer (ST) model is also employed for the purpose of feature extraction. For the LCC detection and classification process, an ensemble deep learning classifier is used with three techniques: bidirectional long short-term memory with multi-head attention (BiLSTM-MHA), Double Deep Q-Network (DDQN), and sparse stacked autoencoder (SSAE). Eventually, the hyperparameter selection of the three DL models can be implemented utilizing the walrus optimization algorithm (WaOA) method. In order to illustrate the promising performance of the LCCST-EMHI approach, an extensive range of simulation analyses was conducted on a benchmark dataset. The experimentation results demonstrated the promising performance of the LCCST-EMHI approach over other recent methods.