Postpartum Emergency Care Visits Among North Carolina Medicaid Beneficiaries, 2013–2019

<b><i>Objective:</i></b> To describe the rate, timing, and primary diagnosis codes for emergency care visits up to 8 weeks (56 days) after live birth among Medicaid beneficiaries in North Carolina (NC). <b><i>Materials and Methods:</i></b> Using a linked dataset of Medicaid hospital claims and certificates of live birth, which included Medicaid beneficiaries who had a live-born infant in NC between January 1, 2013, and November 4, 2019, and met inclusion criteria (<i>n</i> = 321,879), we estimated week-specific visit rates for emergency care visits that did not result in hospital admission (outpatient) and those that did (inpatient). We assessed the 10 leading diagnosis code categories for emergency care visits and described the characteristics of people with 0, 1, or ≥2 outpatient emergency care visits. <b><i>Results:</i></b> One in eight (12.4%) Medicaid beneficiaries had an emergency care visit that did not result in inpatient hospital admission during the first 8 weeks postpartum. Visit rates peaked in postpartum week 2. Diagnosis codes for nonspecific symptoms and substance use were the two leading diagnosis code categories for outpatient emergency care visits. Respiratory concerns and gastrointestinal concerns were the two leading diagnosis code categories for inpatient emergency care visits. Compared with those with zero outpatient emergency care visits, a greater proportion of people with ≥2 visits had less than a high school education, used tobacco during pregnancy, had Medicaid insurance outside of pregnancy, had mental health as a medical comorbidity, and/or had ≥2 medical comorbidities. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> These findings support scheduling health care visits early in the postpartum period, when emergency care visits are most frequent, and point to unmet needs for substance use support.