Positive Yersinia Serology and Colonic Cobblestone Pattern: A Diversion or Main Culprit?

<i>Yersinia enterocolitica</i> infection, the third most prevalent gastrointestinal infection in Europe, poses a diagnostic challenge due to its resemblance to other common conditions such as acute appendicitis, Crohn's disease, and malignancy. We report the case of a 48-year-old female patient who sought medical attention for abdominal pain and diarrhoea. Her endoscopic examination revealed a cobblestone pattern affecting the entire colon, more pronounced in the right colon, but with normal mucosa in the terminal ileum. This unique presentation created a challenge in distinguishing Yersiniosis from Crohn's disease. This case report aimed to highlight this atypical endoscopic manifestation of <i>Y. enterocolitica</i> infection. We underline the subacute nature of the symptoms, which can last up to 4-6 weeks. This reinforces the importance of considering <i>Y. enterocolitica</i> infection as a diagnostic possibility, even when the endoscopic appearance closely resembles other chronic intestinal diseases.