Olive Growing Farming System and Damage by Cicadas

Although cicadas have traditionally been considered pests of little or no importance, in recent decades, an increase in damages is being recorded in olive groves of southern Spain. New agricultural practices that affect soil management are behind it. During 2024, intensive sampling has been carried out in an organic grove with herbaceous cover (VC2), and in a second one with mixed vegetation cover (VC1, in which the crushed remains of the annual pruning are added). In both ecological groves, inventories of the vegetation have been carried out, as well as intensive sampling in the olive canopy, with the densities of oviposition injuries being recorded and compared with respect to conventional management (CONV). The objectives of this study are to compare the three managements based on the density of oviposition injuries, to determine the priority areas for cicadas’ oviposition within the trees; and to develop a sampling method to assess damage over large areas. The results show significant increases in the density of injuries in organic groves, with maximum values recorded in the olive grove with mixed cover. Oviposition injuries show an altitudinal gradient distribution, with maximum values in the lower zone of the trees. The factors involved are discussed.