FDADNet: Detection of Surface Defects in Wood-Based Panels Based on Frequency Domain Transformation and Adaptive Dynamic Downsampling

The detection of surface defects on wood-based panels plays a crucial role in product quality control. However, due to the complex background and low contrast of defects in wood-based panel images, features extracted by traditional deep learning methods based on spatial domain processing often contain noise and blurred boundaries, which severely affects detection performance. To address these issues, we have proposed a wood-based panel surface defect detection method based on frequency domain transformation and adaptive dynamic downsampling (FDADNet). Specifically, we designed a Multi-axis Frequency Domain Weighted Information Representation Module (MFDW), which effectively decoupled the indistinguishable low-contrast defects from the background in the transform domain. Gaussian filtering was then employed to eliminate noise and blur between the defects and the background. Additionally, to tackle the issue of scale differences in defects that led to difficulties in accurate capture, we designed an Adaptive Dynamic Convolution (ADConv) module for downsampling. This method flexibly compressed and enhanced features, effectively improving the differentiation of the features of objects of varying scales in the transform space, and ultimately achieved effective defect detection. To compensate for the lack of data, we constructed a dataset of wood-based panel surface defects, WBP-DET. The experimental results showed that the proposed FDADNet effectively improved the detection performance of wood-based panel surface defects in complex scenarios, achieving a solid balance between efficiency and accuracy.