Effect of HbA1c on The Severity of Diastolic Dysfunction in Type Two Diabetic Patients Presenting to the Cardiology Department, Mardan Medical Complex: A Cross-Sectional Study

Objectives: This study aimed to delineate the graded impact of HbA1c levels on the severity of diastolic dysfunction among patients presenting to the cardiology department at Mardan Medical Complex. Methodology: A total of 151 consenting T2DM patients, aged 20 to 65, were enrolled in the study. Participants were categorized into three groups based on their HbA1c levels: <8, 8-10, and >10. Transthoracic echocardiography was utilized to assess left ventricular diastolic dysfunction. Results: Of the participants, 61 were male and 90 were female. Notably, 85 patients (56.30%) exhibited HbA1c levels >10, among whom 18 (21%) were diagnosed with LVDD grade III, 51 (60%) with LVDD grade II, and 16 (19%) with LVDD grade I (p<0.001). Females were predominantly affected, constituting 59.6% of the study cohort. A significantly positive correlation was observed between LVDD and HbA1c levels (r=0.841; p<0.001). Conclusion: This study underscores a significant relationship between the severity of diastolic dysfunction and HbA1c levels in T2DM patients. Poor glycemic control, as evidenced by elevated HbA1c levels, correlates with heightened diastolic dysfunction. The findings highlight the critical importance of optimizing glycemic control in individuals with T2DM to mitigate the risk of cardiovascular complications, particularly diastolic dysfunction.