Numerical Investigation on the Effect of Valve and Injection Timing on the Performance of a Port-Fuelled Hydrogen Internal Combustion Engine

The urgency to address global warming has elevated hydrogen as a promising alternative fuel for internal combustion engines (ICEs). Engine design parameters, particularly valve and injection timing, are crucial for mixture formation and significantly affect combustion characteristics. This study presents a numerical model developed to analyze the combined effects of valve and injection timing on mixture formation and engine performance. The results showed that increasing Valve Overlap Times (VOT) leads to a higher trapped hydrogen mass across all injection modes. Advancing injection timing also correlates with an increased trapped hydrogen mass at every VOT. Indicated Mean Effective Pressure (IMEP) increased with increasing VOT up to a certain threshold, after which it began to decline across all injection modes.