Self-adaptive nanoscale electrode structures for efficient inverted perovskite photovoltaics

We propose unique anodic nanostructures, consisting of hole-transporting polymers and self-assembled monolayers, to fabricate perovskite solar cells. The so-called, self-adaptive transport layer effectively reduced the loss of open circuit voltage and fill factor. The PCE value could reach 19.63% under 1-sun standard illumination condition. More importantly, the device exhibited high PCEs of 33.54% and 38.16% under illumination of indoor light sources at 200 and 2000 lux, respectively. This indoor PCE at 2000 lux is one of the best values for inverted perovskite devices. Furthermore, a very high efficiency of over 40% was also achieved after an optical enhancing layer was applied. Such indoor PCE at 2000 lux is one of the best values for inverted perovskite photovoltaic devices. Finally, the stability of the devices is also evaluated.