Recycling Waste in Biological Methods and Physical Treatment: Review

Background: Waste recycling using biological methods has received great interest from researchers, with a focus on environmental remediation and the promotion of sustainable practices. Aim: The study aimed to identify relevant studies on waste materials, focusing on living organisms like microbes, fungi, or plants Method: Between 2010 and 2023, a systematic review of scholarly literature on biological waste recycling was conducted. The review identified 14 articles, analyzed their data, and categorized them based on waste stream and recycling technology. Result and conclusion: The 14 studies categorized waste into food waste, plastics, e-waste, and industrial residues. Anaerobic digestion was the most researched biological recycling method, followed by composting and bioleaching. Microbiology has advanced biological recycling, and further research could expand its practical applicability.