Serological Tests for Diagnosis of the Parasites Giardia duodenalis, Entamoeba histolytica, and Cryprosporidium pavium in Diarrheal Children in Baquba City, Diyala Province, Iraq

Diarrheal illnesses pose a significant public health issue in developing nations. Diarrheal illness is transmitted through food or water that has been polluted, or through direct contact between individuals due to inadequate hygiene practices. The present study evaluated the prevalence of different type of parasite in diarrheal infection and assessment level of Malondialdehyde (MDA), Glutathione (GSH), vitamin K and vitamin B12 in parasitic infection. The current study included a sample of 310 patients children experiencing symptoms of abdominal discomfort, diarrhea, and vomiting, as well as 45 healthy individuals as a control group. The age range of participants was between 1 and 6 years, and both sexes were represented. All participants were recruited between November 2023 to April 2024 were taken from people with diarrhea who visit specialist doctors in Batoul Hospital, outpatient clinics and health centers in Diyala city. 310 samples were collected to detect the presence of the Giardia lamblia, E.histolytica, and Cryprosporidium pavium. . The result of this study showed that from total 320 diarrheal disease, about 149(48.1%) were positive for parasitic infection, 52(16.8%) of them positive for Giardia lambelia, 51(16.5%) for E.histolytica and 46(14.8%)were positive for C.pavium. there is significant reduction in Glutathion, Vitamin B12, Vitamin K that were (19.96± 6.52, 3.25 ± 0.43, 135.54 ± 122.5) as compared with control (30.75±4.01, 3.7 ± 0.3, 337.04 ± 351.3) , at p-value <0.05. While increase in MDA level in diarrheal patient with parasitic infection as compared with control at p-value <0.05. This study concluded increase malondialdehyde in parasitic infection . While decrease vitamins and antioxidant such as glutathione in parasitic infection.