Approved and Late Clinical Trial Monoclonal Antibodies for the Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease

Alzheimer’s disease is a major type of dementia characterized by progressive neurodegeneration that leads to cognitive decline and brain atrophy. The progression of the disease is marked by the accumulation of amyloid β plaques and tau tangles that are proposed to be the driver of subsequent neural death and atrophy. Targeting these hallmarks with monoclonal antibodies has become a promising approach to treating Alzheimer’s disease. As of 2021, the FDA approved the amyloid β targeting monoclonal antibody aducanumab as the first approved treatment for Alzheimer’s disease. Since this landmark, significant work has been done to develop monoclonal antibodies to treat Alzheimer’s disease. In this review, we discuss the development of FDA-approved monoclonal antibodies aducanumab, lecanemab, and donanemab, as well as the monoclonal antibodies remternetug and E2814 that are currently in late-phase clinical trials.