Thyroid Cancer Recurrence: Risk Factors and Preventive Strategies

<i>Introduction</i>: Several risk factors influence the recurrence of thyroid cancer, including age, tumor size, lymph node involvement, and other prognostic indicators. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the impact of these risk factors on the recurrence rates of thyroid cancer, with the aim of improving diagnostic and treatment strategies for better patient outcomes. <i>Aim of the study</i>: The aim of the study was to evaluate risk factors for thyroid cancer recurrence and preventive strategies. <i>Methods</i>: This retrospective cohort study conducted at the Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery at Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU) included 108 thyroid cancer patients treated between April 2023 and March 2024. Patients were categorized into low-risk and high-risk groups based on prognostic factors. Follow-up for three years assessed recurrence and survival through outpatient visits and telephone interviews. Statistical analyses using SPSS version 22.0 included descriptive statistics, chi-square tests for recurrence rates, and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. Result: The study identified Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma (DTC) as the most common type, with Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma being the predominant subtype. Recurrence rates were notably higher in patients aged ≥45 and in males. Significant predictors of recurrence included age, gender, tumor diameter, and lymph node metastasis. High-risk patients mostly received Total Thyroidectomy, Radioiodine ablation, and Thyroxin. Follow-up showed recurrence rates of 8.33% in low-risk and 7.55% in high-risk patients over three years. <i>Conclusion</i>: The study highlights the critical role of age, gender, tumor diameter, and lymph node metastasis in predicting thyroid cancer recurrence, emphasizing the need for personalized treatment and monitoring based on risk levels.