Thermophysical and Mechanical Characterization of the Earth-Straw Materials Employed in the Building of Shell Houses in the Mourla Region of Cameroon's Far North

Using modern materials such as cement in construction leads to high energy consumption due to increased heat transfer, resulting in warmer indoor environments. In the hot climate of the Sudano-Sahelian zone in northern Cameroon, it is crucial to use materials that provide thermal comfort and reduce the need for air conditioning. Certain locally sourced materials support environmental preservation and facilitate the construction of houses for artisans. This research focuses on developing and characterizing bio-based products using raw earth. The study investigated the mechanical performance in compression, thermal conductivity, and other material properties. Different proportions of plant aggregates, ranging from 0% to 15% of the soil mass, were incorporated for the experimental study. The results indicate that the compressive strength values are 6.3, 8.5, 6.1, and 5.6 MPa for 0%, 5%, 10%, and 15% reinforcement, respectively, revealing a 35% increase in compressive strength with the addition of 5%. Furthermore, the study showed a 45% decrease in thermal conductivity compared to samples without reinforcement. These findings demonstrate that this eco-friendly material has the potential to promote the efficient use of local resources in the construction sector. It not only enhances thermal comfort and reduces energy consumption associated with air conditioning but also supports the construction of more sustainable buildings, leading to a cleaner environment.