An overview of contact dermatitis: occupational factors and preventive strategies

Contact dermatitis, encompassing both acute and chronic skin inflammation, arises from exposure to chemical or physical agents. This condition, which includes irritant contact dermatitis (ICD) and allergic contact dermatitis (ACD), represents 95% of occupational skin disorders. ICD, accounting for 80% of cases, results from a direct cytotoxic effect on skin cells due to irritants such as abrasives and cleaning agents. It manifests as burning, stinging, and various degrees of skin damage. Chronic ICD stems from repeated exposure to irritants like solvents, while acute cases can result from single exposures or ultraviolet-induced reactions. In contrast, ACD, which constitutes 20% of cases, develops due to an allergic reaction to specific substances after sensitization. Individuals in certain professions, including hairdressers and healthcare workers, are particularly at risk. Preventive strategies include educational programs, protective measures like barrier creams and gloves, and regulatory controls. Emerging treatments focus on antioxidants, chelators, and specialized formulations to manage symptoms and improve occupational health.