HIV/AIDS awareness and risk perception among youth in Jaintia hills, Meghalaya

Background: The spread of HIV/AIDS continues to rise, particularly among youth populations. Understanding HIV/AIDS knowledge and risk perception is crucial. This study aimed to assess HIV/AIDS knowledge among indigenous youth in the remote hill area of Jaintia Hills, Meghalaya, India. Methods: This cross-sectional study targeted youths aged 17-24 in the east and west Jaintia Hills districts of Meghalaya. HIV screening followed WHO-evaluated kit protocols, guided by NACO (National AIDS Control Organization) guidelines. A pretested interview schedule gathered detailed information on knowledge, attitude, perception, and behavior (KAPB), supplemented by focus group discussions (FGDs) and in-depth interviews. Results: HIV prevalence was found to be 5.4%, with a higher infection rate among females than males. Gender exhibited significant associations with HIV/AIDS knowledge levels, including transmission and treatment (p=0.01). Qualitative interviews highlighted evolving risk perceptions, including knowledge and testing, and instances of “intentional exposure”, such as knowingly transmitting HIV through unprotected sex or sharing nonsterile intravenous drugs. Additionally, HIV-related stigma and discrimination emerged as prominent themes. Conclusions: The study indicated insufficient access to HIV knowledge and education among the population, hindering testing and support services. Qualitative insights underscored internalized and community stigma and discrimination. Furthermore, higher HIV prevalence among females suggests increased vulnerability due to unprotected sexual practices with multiple partners. Urgent measures are needed to provide accessible, culturally sensitive, and community-based education and treatment for youth in the region.