Transportation pollution and the air quality impact on pharmaceutical factory buildings

The rapid expansion of transportation networks has significantly contributed to economic growth but also led to pervasive air pollution. It impacts the environment, public health and pharmaceutical factory buildings (PFBs), where drugs are manufactured. This study aims to inform future research and policy development for mitigating transportation-related air pollution on PFBs and public health. To promote sustainable urban mobility by synthesizing current knowledge and identified gaps. This paper reviewed literature on transportation emissions, focusing on pollutants such as particulate matter (PM), nitrogen oxides (NOx), volatile organic compounds (VOCs), carbon monoxide (CO), sulfur oxides (SOx), and greenhouse gases (GHGs). The study evaluates existing policies and technological solutions, including emission standards, electric vehicles (EVs), and sustainable biofuels, while highlighting challenges in implementation and effectiveness across different regions. It examines the sources, health effects, and environmental impacts globally, emphasizing the role of road vehicles as major contributors in Ogun State, Nigeria. Recommendations include enhancing regulatory frameworks, promoting technological innovations, implementing low-emission zones for public transportation, supporting sustainable urban planning, raising public awareness, and fostering international collaboration in Nigeria.