Intertext: How Do Readers Perceive National and Universal Precedents?

The article examines the national and universal level of precedent phenomena, which are one of the forms of creating intertexts. Our goal is to show which type of levels is most quickly determined by the reader. To achieve this goal, 36 respondents participated in the research work and six precedent phenomena were obtained: 3 national, 3 universal. The questions related to precedent names were composed according to words formed by metaphor, metonymy, comparison, paraphrase. The respondents' responses were analyzed using a "one-sample t-test" in the Jamovi system. The results of the study showed that universal levels are more recognizable by the reader (Univ1=4.75; Nat1=3.37; Univ2=5.99; Nat2=5.93; Univ3=4.06; Nat3=4.51). That is, statistically, the predominance was the preservation of universal concepts in the reader's mind. This research contributes to a deeper understanding of the phenomenon of precedent, which is a type of intertext.