Smart home power management algorithm using real-time model predictive control for a stand-alone PV system with battery energy storage

• A smart home power management algorithm with model predictive control for stand-alone PV system with BESS is proposed. • A home manager algorithm ensures smooth switching between five operating modes. • A Real-time model predictive controllers achieve desired performance. • A semi-experimental simulation validates the performances of the control strategy. A smart home power management system is critical for stand-alone home-photovoltaic (HPV) with battery energy storage. Existing approaches often focus on maximizing power extraction from PV systems without considering real-time power adjustments or battery state of charge (SoC), which can lead to over-current or over-voltage issues that damage the battery. To address these limitations, this paper proposes a home power management algorithm that dynamically adjusts the power flow between the PV system, home loads, and the battery based on real-time system power measurements and battery SoC. This dynamic adjustment ensures an uninterrupted power supply to the home loads while maintaining battery safety. The proposed home manager algorithm features multiple operating modes: Maximum power point (MPP) charging, partial charging, fast charging, float charging, and partial discharging. Each mode is integrated with its dedicated model predictive controller (MPC) to achieve its specific control objective. Finally, through a semi-experimental simulation using a process-in-the-loop (PIL) test approach with the embedded board eZdsp TMS320F28335, testing under various irradiance levels shows that the home manager achieves significant improvement over conventional approaches. For instance, over the MPP mode it achieve a power efficiency of 99.36 % with a 2.05 % SoC increase, while fast charging mode resulted in 87.44 % efficiency with an 11.2 % SoC increase. However, float charging mode maintained an 87.27 % efficiency with a 2.6 % SoC increase, and partial discharging led to a 1.3 % SoC decrease. The overall battery efficiency reached 96.45 % , demonstrating the algorithm’s ability to optimize power flow, ensure a reliable energy supply, and maintain battery safety under varying weather conditions.