Measuring economic graph competence

The ability to work with graphs is at the core of the economic domain and is also one of the central challenges for novices in the field. To accurately assess the graph competence of higher education students, we developed and tested an 18-item graph competence instrument with different economics graphs. The sample consisted of 579 students from multiple higher education institutions in southwestern Germany. Our findings reveal that while students generally perform well on basic graph operations, they struggle with complex tasks such as comparing quantities and understanding economic implications, particularly with supply and demand models and indifference curves. The results highlight the need for instructional focus on integrating graph reading with economic concepts and provide a diagnostic tool for further research. The study underscores the challenges faced by learners, especially those with limited economic background and female students, and offers insights for improving economic graph education.