Rationalisation of factories in Norway: from classical to modern architecture 1920–1929

This period experiences the process of rationalisation – not only of industrial production but also industrial buildings’ technology. This paper demonstrates how this process affected the Rjukan and Notodden UNESCO World Heritage Site in Norway during the period of 1920–1929. The post-war period demanded change since one of the world’s leading industrial nations, the USA, had seemingly advanced from European counterparts. Countries like Germany would adapt these new methods of rationalising construction through prefabricated manufactured building systems. This method would have an impact and lasting effect on architectural style. An era of neo-classical expression dominated by classically trained architects was challenged by engineers’ design of defined and efficient structural systems. This move to simplicity eventually inspired architects to develop it further to a style of functionalistic expression. Modernism was born, and it was encouraged through rationalisation and repetition of standardised details. The systems of this period were built on technology such as steel and concrete skeletal structures. They were developed further to be more material resourceful and time efficient. Researching building systems and analysing their characteristics supports not only future conservation work but also it connects to the global context of architecture and engineering history.