Prevalence of Renal and Urinary Tract Diseases among Pediatric Cases Admitted in a Tertiary Hospital in Developing Country.

Background Kidney disease includes diseases of the glomerulus, tubular disorders, and conditions associated with hematuria or proteinuria. Urinalysis can be a reliable and easy tool to screen. Objective In this study, we aim to study the prevalence of renal and urinary tract diseases among the pediatric population in a tertiary hospital in Nepal. Method A single-center retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted from 2022 to 2023 in the pediatric department. Information was obtained regarding clinicalepidemiological profile, associated condition, investigations, diagnosis, and duration of hospital stay, management, and outcome. Result The prevalence of renal disease was 5.6%, with urinary tract infection being the most common diagnosis. Maximum cases presented between one and five years with a male-to-female ratio of 1.1:1 and 80.9% of the patients had new onset disease. The mean duration of hospital stay was six days. The mortality rate in renal diseases was 3.2%. Conclusion Renal diseases make up a significant portion of pediatric admissions. Renal diseases contribute to significant morbidity and mortality. A large number of cases of renal diseases are due to infective etiology hence they are preventable and curable. Renal disease in children presents with vague symptoms and signs. Routine screening of renal diseases is needed for early diagnosis and reduction in morbidity and mortality.