Employing a two stage process with resampling, decision rules, and fine acquisition to optimize the acquisition stage of GNSS receiver performance

The optimal design of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) software receivers should enable the accurate estimation of the receiver's position, velocity, and time under various environmental conditions. The software receivers consist of three sections: acquisition, tracking, and navigation. This paper specifically centers on the acquisition sections of the Global Positioning System (GPS), Global Navigation Satellite System (GLONASS), BeiDou, and Galileo satellite navigation systems. The acquisition stage necessitates the prompt and precise transmission of the satellite list within the receiver's view, along with Doppler frequency estimation and phase code offset, to facilitate a seamless transition to the tracking stage with the utmost speed and accuracy. Conventional acquisition demonstrates commendable speed, but lacks accuracy, especially in environments with a low Carrier-to-Noise Ratio (CNR). Contrastingly, precise acquisition methods will impede the speed of the acquisition stage. In this paper, a novel acquisition method is proposed. By integrating concepts like resampling, two-stage acquisition, and fine-acquisition, this method enables the attainment of higher accuracy without compromising speed. The results demonstrate that the proposed method enhances accuracy by 7.275% compared to conventional methods and boosts speed by 76.97% compared to methods focused on accuracy improvement.