Implementation of virtual reality to enhance spatial abilities: a study on aspects, effects, and differences in participants' initial ability levels

This research is important because the development of Virtual Reality (VR) technology has shown significant potential in enhancing spatial abilities, which are crucial aspects of education and training across various fields. This study aims to identify and evaluate the extent to which VR can enhance spatial abilities and determine the factors that influence the adoption of VR in educational contexts. The specific target is to identify at least three main factors affecting the effectiveness of VR in improving spatial abilities and to evaluate its impact on differences in students' initial abilities. The research method used is a Systematic Literature Review (SLR), which involves identifying, evaluating, and interpreting all relevant research that answers specific research questions. Data were collected from three major databases: Scopus, ScienceDirect, and Sage Journal, covering 2013 to 2022. This study focuses on considerations for using VR, its impact on differences in initial spatial abilities, and the various aspects of spatial abilities affected by VR intervention. The results from the 26 studies reviewed indicate that the use of VR technology in learning can enhance spatial abilities, with the most studied aspect being mental rotation. Additionally, VR has a greater impact on participants with a low spatial ability background. From an affective aspect, the use of VR significantly influences participants' motivation and interest, attributed to the realistic and interactive effects perceived. The implications of this research provide important contributions for researchers and educational practitioners to develop more effective interventions in enhancing spatial abilities in the future.