Bio‐MOFs Based on Natural Phenolic, Hematoxylin Leverages Biomedical Applications: Enzyme Inhibition, Antioxidant, and Antibacterial Properties

Here, using natural hematoxylin (HT) as linker, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) from Cu(II), Fe(II), and Fe(III) ions was prepared. The SEM images and DLS analyses revealed HT-based MOFs are <micrometer sizes with the highest surface area value of 49.2 m²/g for HT-Fe(III) MOFs. Interestingly, HT-based MOFs exhibit fluorescent properties at λ_em=330 nm with fluorescence intensities of 11485, 2120, and 6790 (a.u) for HT-Cu(II), Fe(II), and Fe(III) MOFs, respectively. Moreover, HT-based MOFs inhibited α-glucosidase enyzme in a concentration-dependent manner e. g., 33.1 %, 69.8 %, and 59.7 % of C_enzyme=500 mg/mL was inhibited by HT-Cu(II)-MOF, HT-Fe(II)-MOF, and HT-Fe(III)-MOFs, respectively. The minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) values of HT-Cu(II) MOFs for Escherichia coli (gram -), Staphylococcus aureus (gram +), and Candida albicans are determined as 5, 5, and 10 mg/mL, respectively. Also, the antioxidant activities of 250 ppm HT-based MOF based on total phenol content (TPC) tests revealed 279, 208, 124, and 152 mg.gallic acid equivalent/mL (mg GA equivalency/mL) for HT, HT-Cu(II) MOF, HT-Fe(II) MOF, and HT-Fe(III), respectively affirming that antioxidant properties were retained. Moreover, HT-Fe(II) and HT-Fe(III) MOFs (62.5 μg/mL) against human null-1 lung cell line revealed cell viabilities of 98.7±12.2 % and 88.9±11.7 %, respectively as concentration-dependent biocompatibility of MOFs.