Advanced Machine Learning and Deep Learning Techniques for Anomaly Detection in Industrial Control System

The study extensively examines the evolution of Industrial Control Systems (ICS), with a specific focus on Programmable Logic Controllers (PLC) within critical infrastructure, specifically mixing stations and heat treatment facilities. The research delves into the cybersecurity risks arising from the convergence of PLCs with information technology, transitioning from standalone systems to cloud integration. Noteworthy contributions from industry and academia underscore the pivotal role of machine learning and deep learning techniques in fortifying PLC-based system security. The article rigorously optimizes five classic machine learning algorithms and three deep learning algorithms, achieving an impressive accuracy of over 97%. Additionally, the proposed combined model attains over 99% accuracy on Hardware-In-the-Loop-based Augmented ICS (HAI) and ICS-Flow datasets. The study's importance lies in its thorough analysis of security implications and practical optimization of advanced algorithms, promising effective detection and mitigation of cyber threats in PLC-based ICS environments. These insights offer a compelling perspective for industry and researchers, providing nuanced understanding of cybersecurity dynamics in critical facilities. Optimized algorithms not only demonstrate remarkable threat detection accuracy but also signify a pivotal step in enhancing the cybersecurity resilience of essential infrastructure, serving as indispensable tools against emerging risks.