Assessing the Impact of Aridity on Argan Trees in Morocco: Implications for Conservation in a Changing Climate

Climate change, through increased aridity, threatens ecosystems, including Morocco’s endemic Argania Spinosa L. Skeels. This study assesses the impact of aridity on argan trees by analyzing morphological, ecophysiological, and biochemical parameters across various regions and comparing them with historical data. Significant variations were observed in leaf area, leaf length, chlorophyll content, relative water content, polyphenols, flavonoids, soluble sugars, and antioxidant activity, while leaf width ratio and chlorophyll ratio remained stable. Tioughza exhibited the largest leaf area (136.07 mm2), the highest chlorophyll content (436.76 mg/m2), and superior water retention (52.27%). Conversely, Ezzaouite showed the smallest leaf area (85.76 mm2) and lowest water content (37.68%). Increased aridity has intensified these differences, revealing the argan tree’s vulnerability to climate change. The findings underscore the need for targeted conservation efforts, including reforestation, strengthened legislation, and enhanced genetic research, to sustain this vital species.