Evaluation of antimicrobial efficacy of zinc oxide nanoparticles synthesised using oil containing apple seed oil formulation against oral pathogens: An in vitro study

Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) are known for their antimicrobial properties and are widely used in medical and dental applications. Combining ZnO NPs with natural oils, such as apple seed oil, offers potential benefits against oral pathogens. This study explores the antimicrobial efficacy of ZnO NPs synthesized using apple seed oil. To evaluate the antimicrobial efficacy of zinc oxide nanoparticles synthesized using apple seed oil against , , and . This in-vitro study was conducted in a controlled laboratory environment to assess the antimicrobial properties of ZnO NPs combined with apple seed oil against selected oral pathogens. Zinc oxide nanoparticles were synthesized from zinc sulfate heptahydrate and sodium hydroxide, followed by calcination. These nanoparticles were dispersed in apple seed oil. The agar cup diffusion method was used to test antimicrobial activity against Streptococcus mutans, , and by applying different concentrations (25μL,50μL,100μL) of the nanoparticle-oil mixture to bacterial cultures. The diameters of the inhibition zones were measured to determine antimicrobial efficacy. Data were analyzed to compare the effectiveness of varying concentrations of ZnO NPs in apple seed oil against the pathogens. The study revealed that zinc oxide nanoparticles in apple seed oil in varying concentrations (25μL, 50μL,100μL) did not show significant antimicrobial activity against , , or . No discernible zones of inhibition were observed for any tested concentrations, indicating a lack of efficacy. Zinc oxide nanoparticles synthesized with apple seed oil did not exhibit significant antimicrobial properties against the tested oral pathogens. This combination appears ineffective under the study conditions. Further research is needed to explore alternative formulations and understand interactions between antimicrobial agents and bacterial strains to develop effective treatments for oral infections. The findings of this study indicate the combination of zinc oxide Nano particles and apple seed oil does not show any significant results; it showed neither increase nor decrease in the growth of root canal pathogens. Further in vivo studies are required to gain understanding of its exact efficacy.