Measurement of the background in the CMS muon detector in $${p}{p}$$-collisions at $$\sqrt{s} = 13$$ $$\,\text {Te}\hspace{-.08em}\text {V}$$

Abstract The CMS detector, including its muon system, has been operating at the CERN LHC in increasingly challenging conditions for about 15 years. The muon detector was designed to provide excellent triggering and track reconstruction for muons produced in proton–proton collisons at an instantaneous luminosity ( $$\mathcal {L}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mi>L</mml:mi> </mml:math> ) of $$1 \times 10^{34}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> <mml:mo>×</mml:mo> <mml:msup> <mml:mn>10</mml:mn> <mml:mn>34</mml:mn> </mml:msup> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> cm $$^{-2}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mmultiscripts> <mml:mrow/> <mml:mrow/> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>-</mml:mo> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:mmultiscripts> </mml:math> s $$^{-1}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mmultiscripts> <mml:mrow/> <mml:mrow/> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>-</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:mmultiscripts> </mml:math> . During the Run 2 data-taking period (2015–2018), the LHC achieved an instantaneous luminosity of twice its design value, resulting in larger background rates and making the efficient detection of muons more difficult. While some backgrounds result from natural radioactivity, cosmic rays, and interactions of the circulating protons with residual gas in the beam pipe, the dominant source of background hits in the muon system arises from proton–proton interactions themselves. Charged hadrons leaving the calorimeters produce energy deposits in the muon chambers. In addition, high-energy particles interacting in the hadron calorimeter and forward shielding elements generate thermal neutrons, which leak out of the calorimeter and shielding structures, filling the CMS cavern. We describe the method used to measure the background rates in the various muon subsystems. These rates, in conjunction with simulations, can be used to estimate the expected backgrounds in the High-Luminosity LHC. This machine will run for at least 10 years starting in 2029 reaching an instantaneous luminosity of $$\mathcal {L} = 5 \times \text {10}^\text {34}\,\text {cm}^\text {-2}\,\text {s}^\text {-1}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>L</mml:mi> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mn>5</mml:mn> <mml:mo>×</mml:mo> <mml:msup> <mml:mtext>10</mml:mtext> <mml:mtext>34</mml:mtext> </mml:msup> <mml:mspace/> <mml:msup> <mml:mtext>cm</mml:mtext> <mml:mtext>-2</mml:mtext> </mml:msup> <mml:mspace/> <mml:msup> <mml:mtext>s</mml:mtext> <mml:mtext>-1</mml:mtext> </mml:msup> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> and increasing ultimately to $$\mathcal {L} = 7.5 \times \text {10}^\text {34}\,\text {cm}^\text {-2}\,\text {s}^\text {-1}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>L</mml:mi> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mn>7.5</mml:mn> <mml:mo>×</mml:mo> <mml:msup> <mml:mtext>10</mml:mtext> <mml:mtext>34</mml:mtext> </mml:msup> <mml:mspace/> <mml:msup> <mml:mtext>cm</mml:mtext> <mml:mtext>-2</mml:mtext> </mml:msup> <mml:mspace/> <mml:msup> <mml:mtext>s</mml:mtext> <mml:mtext>-1</mml:mtext> </mml:msup> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> . These background estimates have been a key ingredient for the planning and design of the muon detector upgrade.

Authors

A. Santoro (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0568-665X)
B. Kailasapathy (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2424-1303)
L. Dimitrov
S. Bansal (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1992-0336)
F. Ramirez
L. Balleyguier
S. Gigli
X. Dong (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9083-5906)
I. Lomidze (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0002-3901-2765)
Davide Corti (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5797-1364)
O. Kukral (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0007-3858-6659)
S. H. Kim (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2381-5117)
L. Barcellan
Andrea Triossi (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5140-9154)
David Michael Morse (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3163-2169)
F. Ivone (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2388-5548)
E. Asilar (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5680-599X)
A. Sharma (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0688-923X)
J. Vazquez Escobar (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7533-2283)
Andrés Cabrera (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0486-6296)
G. Maron (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3970-6986)
S. Wiedenbeck (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4692-9304)
A. Taliercio (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5119-6280)
F. Gonella (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8504-5301)
O. Kemularia
D. U. J. Sonnadara (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7862-2537)
T. Kamon (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5565-7868)
H. Kou (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4927-243X)
C. Uribe Estrada (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2425-7340)
P. Everaerts (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3848-324X)
V. Sulimov (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0009-8645-6685)
G. Torromeo
R. Clare (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3293-5305)
N. Terentyev
J. Eysermans (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6483-7123)
C. Hill (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0059-0779)
J. Bonilla (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6982-6121)
J. Gilmore (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9911-0143)
Anne Dabrowski (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2570-9676)
D. Wood (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6477-801X)
Michael Carrigan (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0538-5854)
P. K. Rout (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8149-6180)
I. Kurochkin
J. León Holgado (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4156-6460)
F. Rotondo
K. Wang
H. Castilla-Valdez
R. Campagnola (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2987-6623)
A. Kaur (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3609-4777)
S. Cuadrado Calzada
J. B. Singh (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9029-2462)
C. Rendón (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0006-3371-9160)
A. Datta (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2695-7719)
S. Sánchez Navas (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6129-9059)
W. G. D. Dharmaratna (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6366-837X)
R. Carlin (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7915-1650)
G. Abbiendi (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4499-7562)
Hyunyong Kim (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4986-1728)
S. Chauhan (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6544-5794)
J. Hauser (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9781-4873)
M. Gordon
G. Madigan (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8796-5865)
A. Perrotta (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7996-7139)
C.I. de Lara Rodríguez
B. Álvarez González (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7767-4810)
H. Kaur (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8659-7092)
A. Sánchez-Hernández (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9548-0358)
E. Shumka (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0104-2574)
D. Francia Ferrero (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0006-3649-5772)
A. Samalan (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9024-2609)
B. Regnery (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1539-923X)
J. Fernández Menéndez (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5213-3708)
A. Levin (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9565-4186)
G. Mitselmakher (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5745-3658)
M. Ignatenko (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8258-5863)
R. Eusebi (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3322-6287)
G. Hanson (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7273-4009)
L. Pétré (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0000-7979-5771)
E. Kuznetsova (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5510-8305)
E. Lusiani (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8791-7978)
C. Ávila (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5610-2693)
P. Iaydjiev (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6330-0607)
Michael Mulhearn (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1145-6436)
B.C. Ferreira (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7988-7545)
V. Cherepanov (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6748-4850)
Anna Stamerra (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1434-1968)
F. Gasparini (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1315-563X)
D. Fiorina (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7104-257X)
B. Kiani (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1202-7652)
Mingshui Chen (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0489-9669)
H. R. Hoorani (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0088-5043)
M. Shopova (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6664-2493)
J. Fraga (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5137-8543)
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A. Gozzelino (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6284-1126)
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G. De Robertis (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8261-6236)
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G. De Lentdecker (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5124-7693)
Y. Kang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6079-3434)
C. Vico Villalba (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1905-1874)
P. E. Karchin (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1284-3470)
E. Coelho (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6114-9907)
D. Trocino (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2830-5872)
A. Meyer (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9598-6623)
N. Wickramage (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7760-3537)
P. Siddireddy
M. Margoni (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1797-4330)
Towsifa Akhter (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5965-2386)
S. Butalla (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3423-9581)
Alberto Griggio (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3311-0893)
I. Suarez (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5374-6995)
B. Boghrati (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0006-4923-6315)
K. Black (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7320-5080)
V. Perelygin (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0005-5039-4874)
N. Cavallo (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1327-9058)
J. Pazzini (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1118-6205)
Brian Paul Padley (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3572-5701)
A. Korytov (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9239-3398)
Angela Zaza (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0969-7284)
M. Herndon (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3043-1090)
J. S. H. Lee (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2153-1519)
L. Longo (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2357-7043)
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S. Thakur (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1647-0360)
M. Hohlmann (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4578-9319)
M. Gulmini (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4198-4336)
A. Trapote (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4030-2551)
A. Bolshov (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3663-2283)
M. Maggi (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8431-3922)
F. Montecassiano (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8180-9378)
D. D. C. Wickramarathna (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6941-8478)
A. Braghieri (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9606-5604)
A. Pellecchia (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3279-6114)
J. Molnar
K. Salyer (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6957-1077)
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V. Karjavine (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5326-3854)
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A. Luciol
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Mirco Rampazzo (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0881-0131)
V. Uzhinsky (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7602-2527)
E. Vazquez
A. Petrov (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0003-8899-1514)
Inkyu Park (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4510-6776)
Huaqiao Zhang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8843-5209)
V. Kim (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7161-2133)
Z. Chen (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4521-6086)
J. Jaramillo (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3885-6608)
S. Yang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6905-6553)
Taha Beyrouthy (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5939-7116)
V. Palichik (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0008-0356-1061)
N. Toniolo (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0109-4478)
G. Zilizi (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0480-0000)
M. A. Shah
A. Russo (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6878-402X)
Donato Troiano (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7236-2025)
K. Mota Amarilo (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1707-3348)
L. Modenese
A. Egorov
S. Mondal (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0153-7590)
D. Eliseev (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5844-8156)
C. Fernandez Bedoya (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8057-9152)
G. Rashevski
L. Lunerti (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8932-0283)
L. Passamonti
Kyong Sei Lee (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3680-7039)
D. Wang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9013-1199)
Y. Ivanov (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5163-7632)
U. Gasparini (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7253-2669)
F. Loddo (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9517-6815)
J. Babbar (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4080-4156)
M. K. Jayananda (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7577-310X)
G. Cotto (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4387-9022)
G. Iaselli (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2546-5341)
Michael Henry Schmitt (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0814-3578)
Q. Hou (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0002-6715-3661)
M. Caponero (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5728-3123)
J. Carlson
N. Lacalamita
S. Mallows
P. Salvini
J. Richman (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5189-146X)
T. Hebbeker (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9736-266X)
Josefa García Romero
S. Maselli (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9871-7859)
L. S. Durkin (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0477-1051)
S. Nuzzo (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1089-6317)
L. Urda Gómez (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7865-5010)
I. Crotty
L. Litov (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8511-6883)
M. Oshiro (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2200-7516)
M. Passaseo (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7930-4124)
Matthew Dittrich
S. Keshri (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3280-2350)
R. Hadjiiska (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1824-1737)
L. Castellani
C. Battilana (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3753-3068)
Anastasiia Riabchikova
G. Mitev
O. Bouhali (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7139-7322)
R. Isocrate
T. J. Kim (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8336-2434)
M. Rebeschini
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I. Pedraza (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2669-4659)
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F. Licciulli (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6955-0321)
P. Levchenko (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4913-0538)
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V. Bhatnagar (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8392-9610)
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Nicola Ferrara (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8200-4942)
M. Misheva (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4854-5301)
M. Ebraimi
David Gabriel Monk (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8377-1999)
D. Sosnov (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7452-8380)
J. Morales (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7525-7423)
Matteo Migliorini (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5441-7755)
N. Rawal (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7734-3170)
D. D. Redondo Ferrero (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3463-0559)
V. Cafaro
P. Kicsiny (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1939-3233)
D. Rathjens (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8420-1488)
R. Radogna (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1094-5038)
L.C. Blanco Ramos (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2077-3986)
B. Pavlov (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3635-0646)
Jae Ho Heo (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4463-4104)
Nayana Majumdar (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4178-3000)
W. Tromeur
R. Rossin (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3466-7500)
F. Primavera (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6253-8656)
H. Reithler (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4409-702X)
A. Dorsett (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5349-3011)
A. Madorsky
D. Saltzberg (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0658-9146)
J. M. Cela Ruiz (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5364-9466)
D. Fernández Del Val (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2346-1590)
Supratik Mukhopadhyay (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8040-2338)
E. M. Da Costa (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5016-6434)
G. Sultanov (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8030-3866)
A. Soto Rodríguez (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2993-8663)
A. A. Abdelalim (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2056-7894)
A. Safonov (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9497-5471)
J. Madhusudanan Sreekala (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2590-763X)
S. Abbott (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7791-894X)
V. Amoozegar
G. Galbit
V. Oreshkin (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4749-4995)
Y. Maghrbi (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4960-7458)
G. M. Dallavalle (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8614-0420)
V. Rodŕıguez Bouza (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7225-7310)
P. T. Cox (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1218-2828)
M. Matveev
W. Jang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1571-9072)
Rolando Paz Herrera (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5875-0969)
Davide Bozzato
G. A. Alves (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8369-1446)
L. Borgonovi
Kristan Allan Hahn (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7892-1676)
Kalpanie Liyanage (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3792-7665)
T. Elkafrawy (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9930-6445)
N. Perera (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4747-9106)
B. Ujvári (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0498-4265)
C. Aruta (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9524-3264)
A. Dasgupta (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0003-2259-2414)
A. Crupano (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3834-6704)
C. Aimè (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0449-4717)
Yifan Yang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3883-3695)
R. Breedon (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5314-7581)
G. Alasfour
Giulia Paggi (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0005-7331-1488)
D. Aebi (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7124-6911)
Erick Yanes
M. Toffano
Marco Buonsante (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0008-7139-7662)
Elvira Martin Viscasillas (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8808-4533)
Javier Prado Pico (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3040-5776)
A. Kumar (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8477-9079)
I. Redondo (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3737-4121)
Kun Liu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5807-0501)
S. Kumar (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9212-9108)
Q. Li (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8290-0517)
N. Colino (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3656-0259)
O. González López (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4532-6464)
S. Folgueras (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7191-1125)
D. Moran (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1941-9333)
M. Zanetti (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4281-4582)
Tao Huang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0793-5664)
Z. You (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8324-3291)
S. Goy López (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6508-5090)
C. Campagnari (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8978-8177)
M. Ahmad (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9933-995X)
F. L. Navarria (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7961-4889)
P. Vitulo (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9247-7778)
C. Riccardi (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0165-3962)
M. Cepeda (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6076-4083)
Manuel Rodríguez (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9480-213X)
C. Mariotti (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6864-3294)
F. Fabozzi (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9821-4151)
Y. Assran (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6974-9595)
J. P. Fernández Ramos (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0122-313X)
Ashfaq Ahmad (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4770-1897)
R. Cousins (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5963-0467)
D. Piccolo (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5404-543X)
S. Bianco (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8300-4124)
M. Pelliccioni (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4728-6678)
Á. Navarro Tobar (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3606-1780)
J. F. de Trocóniz (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0798-9806)
P. Ronchese (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7002-2051)
P. Zotto (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3953-5996)
W. Vetens (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1058-1163)
P. Paolucci (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8773-4781)
D. Dattola
Jose Antonio Reyes Vega
Mahesh Kumar Saini (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0009-9224-2667)
A. Fanfani (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2256-4117)
W. Luo (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0137-1797)
S. Lo Meo (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3249-9208)
M. Naimuddin (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4542-386X)
G. Grosso (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8303-3291)
Hong Cai (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5759-0297)
L. Moureaux (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2310-9266)
Andrea Colombo (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7596-8863)
A. Colaleo (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0711-6319)
D. Teyssier
G. Gavrilov (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9689-7999)
C. A. Carrillo Montoya (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6245-6535)
Archana Sharma (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9860-1650)
A. Radi (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7857-3445)
J. Puerta Pelayo (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7390-1457)
Joaquín Calvo Sánchez
S. J. Qian (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0630-481X)
G. Grenier (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1976-5877)
V. Valuev (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0783-6703)
S. Bhattacharya (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0526-6161)
C. Florez (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3222-0249)
M. Gouzevitch (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5524-880X)
A. Agapitos (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8953-1232)
Y. Miao (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2023-2082)
G. Umoret (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6674-7874)
R. Erbacher (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7170-8944)
R. Mueller (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6723-6689)
B. Philipps
W. Ahmed
M. Bellato
A. T. Meneguzzo
F. Setti (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9800-7822)
C. Ramón Álvarez (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1175-0002)
I. Bagaturia (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8646-4372)
V. Nguyen (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1278-9208)
Y. Liu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5588-1760)
J. Sastre (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1654-2846)
M. A. Iqbal (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8664-1949)
J. Wang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3879-4873)
Zhenan Liu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2896-1386)
J. Choi (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2483-5104)
Hualin Mei (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9838-8327)
J. Kim (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9876-6642)
E. Calvo
A. Bragagnolo
B. Marsh
C. Schnaible
T. Sheokand (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8064-919X)
V. Barashko
D. A. Barbosa Trujillo
M. Benettoni (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4426-8434)
I. De Bruyn (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1704-4360)
M. Franco Sevilla
K. Höepfner (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2008-8148)
A. Ranieri (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7912-4062)
V. Giordano (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8865-5930)
B. De La Cruz (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9057-5614)
J. Bradmiller-Feld
F. Nowotny (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9193-7784)
M. C. Fouz (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2950-976X)
P. De Remigis
U. Yang
A. Peck
M. Franco
A. Rossi (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2031-2955)
J. Goh (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1129-2083)
N. Amapane (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9449-2509)
A. Zucchetta (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0380-1172)
P. Giacomelli (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6368-7220)
G. Pugliese (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5460-2638)
R. Venditti (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6925-8649)
T. Rovelli (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9746-4842)
S. May
S. Zaleski
I. Vai (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0037-5032)
J. Cuevas (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5080-0821)
I. González Caballero (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8087-3199)
Z. Tsamalaidze (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5377-3558)
I. J. Watson (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2141-3413)
P. Montagna (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9647-9420)
I. Yoon (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3491-8026)
F. Fallavollita (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2315-2499)
A. De Iorio (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9258-1345)
P. Verwilligen (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9285-8631)
F. Fabbri (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8446-9660)
Y. Haddad (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4916-7752)
A. Muhammad
R. Aly (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6808-1335)
M. Bianco (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8336-3282)
M. Tytgat (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3990-2074)
S. Choi (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6225-9876)
D. Kang
B. Hong (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2259-9929)
H. Abdalla (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0455-3791)
Swagata Mukherjee (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6341-9982)
D. De Jesus Damião (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3769-1680)
M. Thiel (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7139-7963)
P. Checchia (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8312-1531)
S. Meola (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8233-7277)
D. Fasanella (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2926-2691)
L. Ratchev
S. Brachet
L. Chtchipunov
M. Otkur
M. Kizlov
F. Frias Garcia-Lago
G. Masetti
M. Abbrescia (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8727-7544)
F. R. Cavallo (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0326-7515)
S. Vavilov
N. Beni
W. X. Gong
E. Juska
C. H. Jiang
E. Hazen
P. Aspell
D. Pierluigi
Vladimir Ivantchenko
X. Chen
D. Teague
A. Dishaw
A. Conde Garcia
F. Cassese
A. Álvarez Fernández
A. C. Benvenuti
C. Galloni
A. Lanaro
Z. Szillasi
G. Raffone
Z. Wang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6253-4313)
Y. Wang
S. Malhotra
J. A. Merlin
S. Martiradonna
E. Zareian
A. Wajid
B. Ko
S. Wang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0002-1003-4987)
F. Carnevali
J. Bueghly
M. Ivanov
G. Saviano
J. J. Song
C. McLean
Raul Rabadan
J. D. Ruiz
I. B. Laktineh
A. Aravind
S. Fonseca De Souza (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7830-0837)
Y. Lee (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6954-9964)
R. López-Fernández
A. Khodinov (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3551-5808)
S. Abu Zeid (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0820-0483)
F. Torres Da Silva De Araujo (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4785-3057)
C. Y. Lo (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7028-5644)
H. Nogima (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7705-1066)
Jingzhou Zhao (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4919-2440)
M. Cerrada (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0112-1691)
F. Simonetto (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1924-983X)
A. Kaur (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1640-9180)
M. I. Josa (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4985-6964)
L. Guiducci (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6013-8293)
Y. Jeong (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6697-9464)
E. Barberis (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6417-5913)
L. Sun (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0009-4173-1153)
G. Passeggio
R. De Oliveira (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3382-3137)
W. Elmetenawee (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7069-0252)
M. Ramirez-García (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4564-3822)
Y. Zhang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4554-2554)
M. A. Mahmoud (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8692-5458)
J. Alcaraz Maestre (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0914-7474)
B. Rossi (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0807-8772)
S. Buontempo (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9526-556X)
M. Mohammadi Najafabadi (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6131-5987)
G. Gökbulut (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0175-6454)
Oliver M. Carretero (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6342-6215)
M. Velasco
T. Danielson
M. Tripathi
Gyorgy Bencze
M. I. Asghar
F. Marujo da Silva
U. Böttger (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0460-4587)
F.P. Zantis
L. Mirabito
L. Ramina
K. Banicz
J. Cuchillo Ortega
N. Zaganidis
Sergio Ferrero
S. Muhammad
V. Salto Parra
P Zatti
B. Bylsma
N. Amin
I. M. Martin
M. Abbas
S. Nasybulin
M. Negrello
G. Waegel
L. Ciano
Bandar Alsufyani (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0005-5828-4696)
Y. Hong (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4752-2458)
N. Vanegas
D. Kim (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8336-9182)
V. Borshch (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5479-1982)
M. Barroso Ferreira Filho (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3904-0571)
L. Benussi (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2363-8889)
R. Reyes-Almanza (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4600-7772)
P. Petkov (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0420-9480)
L. Lista (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6471-5492)
E. Palencia Cortezón (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8264-0287)
A. Staiano (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1803-624X)
N. De Filippis (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0625-6811)
I. Azhgirey
А. Александров (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6934-2541)
Nnannan Wang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7243-6968)
C. Zhang
Pelayo Leguina (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0315-4107)
Alberto Orso Maria Iorio
Horacio Crotte Ledesma (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2670-5618)
Y. Yao (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5990-4245)

Institutions

Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (DE)
University of California, Riverside (US)
Florida Institute of Technology (US)
Ain Shams University (EG)
National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (IT)
University of Delhi (IN)
Northwestern University (US)
Santa Monica College (US)
Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale “Amedeo Avogadro” (IT)
University of Seoul (KR)
Argonne National Laboratory (US)
University of Ruhuna (LK)
Northeastern University (US)
Suez University (EG)
Georgian Technical University (GE)
Université Libre de Bruxelles (BE)
University of Debrecen (HU)
Vrije Universiteit Brussel (BE)
University of Wisconsin–Madison (US)
Seoul National University (KR)
Cairo University (EG)
British University in Egypt (EG)
University of California, Santa Barbara (US)
Sun Yat-sen University (CN)
Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics (IN)
University of California, Los Angeles (US)
Universidad de Los Andes (CO)
Universidad de Oviedo (ES)
Wayne State University (US)
University of Tarapacá (CL)
University of Trento (IT)
Korea University (KR)
Chinese Academy of Sciences (CN)
HUN-REN Institute for Nuclear Research (HU)
HRL Laboratories (United States) (US)
Eastern Mennonite University (US)
Peking University (CN)
Universidad Iberoamericana (MX)
Purdue University West Lafayette (US)
Bulgarian Academy of Sciences (BG)
University of Pavia (IT)
Cheung Kong Graduate School of Business (CN)
Marconi University (IT)
Ghent University Hospital (BE)
American University of the Middle East (KW)
Kyungpook National University (KR)
Ghent University (BE)
University of Florida (US)
Kyung Hee University (KR)
Universidad de Antioquia (CO)
Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (BR)
Max Planck Institute for Physics (DE)
Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Torino (IT)
Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Padova (IT)
Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Napoli (IT)
Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pavia (IT)
NIHR Imperial Biomedical Research Centre (GB)
Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari (IT)
Institute for Nuclear Research and Nuclear Energy (BG)
Academy of Scientific Research and Technology (EG)
Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas (BR)
Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro (IT)
University of Wisconsin Health (US)
Institute of High Energy Physics (CN)
Abdus Salam Centre for Physics (PK)
Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati (IT)
Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences (IR)
Universidade do Estado do Amazonas (BR)
Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bologna (IT)
Scuola Superiore Meridionale (IT)
Gran Sasso Science Institute (IT)
Zewail City of Science and Technology (EG)
Institute of Nuclear Physics of Lyon (FR)
Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa (IT)
Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (ES)
Trincomalee Hospital (LK)
Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon (FR)
Hanyang University (KR)
Imperial College London (GB)
Sultan Qaboos University (OM)
Panjab University (IN)
The Ohio State University (US)
Texas A&M University at Qatar (QA)
Sofia University "St. Kliment Ohridski" (BG)
Instituto Politécnico Nacional (MX)
Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (ES)
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (US)
Fayoum University (EG)
European Organization for Nuclear Research (CH)
Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (MX)
Polytechnic University of Bari (IT)
Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla (MX)
Rice University (US)
Helwan University (EG)
University of California, Davis (US)
Sungkyunkwan University (KR)
RWTH Aachen University (DE)
University of Colombo (LK)
Texas A&M University (US)
University of Bologna (IT)

Publication Details

Journal: The European Physical Journal C
Published: 2024-09-27
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-024-13077-x
Citations: 2
Primary Topic: Particle physics theoretical and experimental studies
Type: article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact: 1.32

Measurement of the background in the CMS muon detector in $${p}{p}$$-collisions at $$\sqrt{s} = 13$$ $$\,\text {Te}\hspace{-.08em}\text {V}$$

Authors

Institutions

Publication Details

Measurement of the background in the CMS muon detector in $${p}{p}$$-collisions at $$\sqrt{s} = 13$$ $$\,\text {Te}\hspace{-.08em}\text {V}$$

Measurement of the background in the CMS muon detector in $${p}{p}$$-collisions at $$\sqrt{s} = 13$$ $$\,\text {Te}\hspace{-.08em}\text {V}$$

Abstract

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