Single inhaler combination inhaled corticosteroid–formoterol as both maintenance and reliever (SMART) compared with a step up of treatment with fixed-dose inhaled corticosteroid–long-acting β2-agonist maintenance with a short-acting β2-agonist as rel

In patients aged 12 years or more with uncontrolled asthma at GINA step 3 or 4, the BUD/FORM SMART strategy at either step 3 or 4 is cost-effective compared with the ICS-LABA maintenance plus SABA at step 4 strategy, because it shows a greater gain in QALYs at lower total treatment costs.